Pediatricians and foster care: A vital role
Research shows that nearly 80% of foster children have at least 1 significant mental health need.
Pediatricians and foster care: A vital role | Image Credit: © Mark - © Mark - stock.adobe.com.
Each May, National Foster Care Month brings attention to the more than 390,000 children in the US foster care system.1 Pediatricians are uniquely positioned to address the health disparities these children face and advocate for their well-being. This month serves as a reminder of health care providers’ critical role in ensuring that children in foster care receive the medical and emotional support they need to thrive.
Children in foster care experience significantly higher rates of chronic medical conditions, developmental delays, and behavioral health concerns than their peers. Research shows that nearly 80% of foster children have at least 1 significant mental health need, and up to 60% have a chronic physical health condition. The instability of foster placements often exacerbates these issues, making continuity of care a major challenge.2
One of the most pressing concerns for pediatricians is ensuring that children in foster care receive comprehensive health screenings and follow-up care. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends an initial health assessment within 72 hours of placement, followed by a more comprehensive evaluation within 30 days.2 However, fragmented medical histories and frequent relocations often disrupt this essential care. Pediatricians can help by maintaining detailed, up-to-date records and collaborating with child welfare agencies to ensure continuity.1
Beyond medical care, pediatricians play a key role in advocating for trauma-informed approaches to foster care. Many children enter the system due to neglect, abuse, or parental substance use, leading to adverse childhood experiences that can have lifelong effects on physical and mental health.2 Recognizing signs of trauma, fostering safe and trusting relationships, and connecting children to appropriate mental health services are crucial steps in mitigating these effects.
Additionally, pediatricians can support foster parents and caregivers by offering guidance on attachment, behavioral health management, and the importance of stability. Many caregivers struggle with limited resources and training in trauma-informed parenting, making your expertise and reassurance invaluable.2
Policy advocacy is another essential avenue for pediatricians to support children in foster care. Promoting policies that improve access to health care, streamline medical recordkeeping, and expand trauma-informed training for caregivers can make a meaningful impact on the system.2 The AAP and other organizations offer resources for those interested in getting involved in legislative advocacy.
As we observe National Foster Care Month, let us reaffirm our commitment to these vulnerable children. By prioritizing comprehensive, trauma-informed care, advocating for systemic improvements, and supporting caregivers, pediatricians can help foster children lead healthier, more stable lives.
Click here for more from the May issue of Contemporary Pediatrics, and visit our website Wednesday, May 6, for a full featured article titled "A new model for caring for children in foster care."
References:
1. Administration for Children and Families. Adoption and foster care analysis and reporting system report No. 30. March 13, 2024. Accessed March 24, 2025. https://acf.gov/cb/report/afcars-report-30
2. Szilagyi MA, Rosen DS, Rubin D, Zlotnik S; Council on Foster Care, Adoption, and Kinship Care; Committee On Adolescence; Council On Early Childhood. Health care issues for children and adolescents in foster care and kinship care. Pediatrics. 2015;136(4):e1142-e1166. doi:10.1542/peds.2015-2656
