Case Studies

On physical examination, the patient appeared to be in significant respiratory distress. Her oxygen saturation was 96% on high-flow nasal cannula.

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Can you diagnose this patient? Take our poll and find out! Then check back for the full case, differential diagnosis, and correct diagnosis.

The patient’s medical history included several episodes of mild diaper dermatitis and erythematous rashes during periods of teething.

Read the full case presentation of a 21-month-old with a history of "skin tags" involving her gluteal cleft,noted at birth.

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13-year-old female with altered mental status, headache and emesis. What is the diagnosis?

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What's the diagnosis of this linear eruption on an adolescent girl's leg?

Take your best guess and try to diagnose this 9-year-old girl's linear eruption on the back of her left thigh and leg. Stay tuned for the full case presentation and correct diagnosis!

On exam, the patient is found to have circular, slightly raised, blanching, erythematous papules on the lower extremities and abdomen.

Can you diagnose this patient in our most recent puzzler poll?

His mother reported that the nail had developed a green discoloration and had begun to detach approximately 1 week prior to the visit.

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The patient had increased her vape use recently, but did not disclose when she started, or how much she vaped.

Medical advice was sought on the fifth day of symptoms, and by this time, the child was improving clinically.

The photos in this case were taken soon after the painful and red papules appeared.

Can you diagnose the patient in this edition of puzzler?

Can you diagnose this patient with a tender bump on the labia majora accompanied by fever and sore throat?

A 5-year-old boy with a history of asthma presented for a 1-year history of multiple episodes of emesis. What's the diagnosis?

An 11-year-old boy with a history of asthma and allergic rhinitis presented to the emergency department (ED) with worsening fatigue, minimal responsivity to external stimuli, and diffuse muscle weakness for 2 months.

A 9-year-old boy was seen for follow-up of a neck mass noted several years earlier. He first presented with this finding at 3 years of age, when during an otherwise unremarkable examination, he became upset, and a protuberant swelling was noted in the anterior aspect of the right side of his neck. What's the diagnosis?

Take this Contemporary Pediatrics quiz, and see if you can correctly diagnose the patient in this case study. Submit your answer to see if you were correct.

An 11-year-old boy presented to the emergency department complaining of left testicular pain for 2 days, described as intermittent and stabbing, which ranged between 5 and 8 of 10 in intensity. Read the full case to see if you can correctly diagnose the patient.

A 4-day-old boy with a midline neck lesion was born at term by normal vaginal delivery. After birth, mid line lesion had the configuration of a linear cleft with a cephalocaudal orientation, extending from the level below the hyoid bone to the suprasternal notch with a length of 2.5 cm and a width of 0.5 cm. What's the diagnosis?

A healthy 13-year-old girl presented with a 1-month history of an asymptomatic, well-demarcated rash on her back and upper chest. The eruption consisted of discrete, dark brown papules that coalesced into large, flat-topped plaques with mild superficial scale and accentuation of skin markings. What's the diagnosis?

A 22-month-old female patient with sickle cell disease on folic acid and penicillin prophylaxis with a 3-day history of nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, fever and decreased oral intake presents to the emergency department (ED) for acute facial swelling noted when she woke up from a nap. What's the diagnosis?

You are called to the hospital nursery to evaluate a healthy full-term newborn boy who developed painful flaccid blisters and erosions on the tops of his feet and ankles shortly after birth. His mother had a history of similar recurrent skin lesions that healed with scarring. She also had oral and gastrointestinal tract involvement. What's the diagnosis?

A 5-week-old female infant born at 38 weeks presents to her pediatrician with abnormal eye movements. What’s the diagnosis?