Diabetes

The 2023 guideline for managing diabetes in children and adolescents highlights risk factors and treatment for type 1 and type 2 diabetes.

Numerous tools, technology platforms, and interventions have been developed to help teens with the difficult emotional and physical weight of managing the disease.

A new report examined the challenges of diabetes management during the school years from the perspective of the daily social and institutional challenges children face.

Schafer Boeder, MD, and Egils K. Bogdanovics, MD, share approaches to prevention, preservation, and replacement therapies for the treatment of T1D.

A new report reviewed how effective the use of continuous glucose monitors (CGM) was over the course of a year.

Experts in endocrinology share challenges of patient access to type 1 diabetes treatment as well as resources to combat these challenges.

Expert endocrinologists discuss implementing long-term monitoring of patients being treated with teplizumab for type 1 diabetes and review the PROTECT study for patients who are newly diagnosed with T1D.

Previous studies have suggested that nighttime blood sugar fluctuations are a real problem—and a serious concern—for children with T1D and their parents.

Egils K. Bogdanovics, MD, and the expert panel review the TN10 study data on the efficacy of teplizumab in delaying the progression of T1D, which led to the drug’s approval from the FDA.

Justin M. Gregory, MD, MSCI, provides an overview of the mechanism of action of teplizumab and its use in delaying T1D.

Results of the randomized, multi-site study demonstrated the importance of early diabetes detection, as a single episode of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in young children with type 1 diabetes was associated with lower IQ scores soon after exposure.

Egils K. Bogdanovics, MD, and Schafer Boeder, MD, discuss interpreting antibody test results for type 1 diabetes and provide recommendations for retesting for those who have a negative test or have only 1 antibody present.

Linda A. DiMeglio, MD, reviews screening options for patients with a family history of T1D, highlighting TrialNet.

Expert endocrinologists discuss the clinical symptoms that prompt testing for T1D, as well the diagnostic testing tools that are available in clinical practice.

Justin M. Gregory, MD, MSC, reviews the risk factors of T1D, highlighting a family history of T1D and antibody screening.

Further studies are needed to determine if vaccination should be considered in children at risk for type 1 diabetes (T1D), as a COVID-19 diagnosis among children was associated with an increased incidence of T1D, according to a recent study.

Linda A. DiMeglio, MD, comments on the importance of early diagnosis of T1D, giving patients the advantage of preparing a treatment plan early.

Expert endocrinologists review the importance of staging and classifying T1D, highlighting dysglycemia.

A follow-up to an earlier study, the latest research leveraged EHR data from medical centers in North Carolina and concluded incident cases of type 1 diabetes increased nearly 50% and incident cases of type 2 diabetes more than doubled in 2021-2022 relative to prepandemic years.

Justin M. Gregory, MD, MSC, and Linda A. DiMeglio, MD, provide an overview of the pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes.

Schafer Boeder, MD, discusses the incidence of type 1 diabetes, highlighting risk factors such as age and family history.

To help teens with the difficult emotional and physical weight of managing this disease, numerous tools, technology platforms, and interventions have been developed. A research team recently published a review of one of these tools, a 40-year-old automated messaging system.

Despite the challenges of the pandemic, overall metabolic control didn’t significantly change during the lockdown.

Children 10 years and older with type 2 diabetes (T2D) can now be treated with empagliflozin and empagliflozin plus metformin hydrochloride to improve blood sugar control, per a recent approval by the FDA.

Intensive lifestyle change remains the primary treatment for youth-onset type 2 diabetes. According to a study in Jama Network Open, there is more work to be done as risk perception and awareness of diabetes alone were not associated with risk-reducing behaviors.

A recent study looked at how patients with type 1 diabetes used telehealth during the pandemic, and how it has influenced their preferred method of health care.

Results of the study, which was an analysis of accelerometry data the TEDDY study, indicate every 10-minute increase in daily moderate to vigorous physical activity was associated with an 8% reduction in risk of progressing to type 1 diabetes, but this association was not present among those who were single islet autoantibody-positive or single islet autoantibody-negative.

Part of the risk of developing kidney involvement begins when type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) sets in and establishes itself in the patient, with up to 65% of children experiencing acute kidney injury during T1DM onset, which can further predispose to the development of future chronic kidney disease.

The Beta Bionics iLet ACE Pump and the iLet Dosing Decision software, matched with a compatible FDA-cleared integrated continuous glucose monitor, use an algorithm to determine and command insulin delivery to users.

A hybrid closed-loop system can deliver glucose levels in the target range at a higher percentage of time among children aged 2 years to younger than 6 years compared to standard-care, according to a study in the New England Journal of Medicine.