Neurology

Encephalitis may lead to neurologic morbidity and mortality in children. Early etiologic diagnosis is important to improving outcomes.

Treatment regimens that include ondansetron as the antiemetic of choice for children who visit a pediatric emergency department for acute migraine are safe and effective, according to a retrospective review.

When added to existing antiepileptic treatment, fenfluramine hydrochloride significantly reduced the frequency of convulsive seizures in children and young adults with Dravet syndrome and had a dose-response effect, according to a randomized trial in patients in whom seizures had not been completely controlled by their current treatment regimen.

Winter weather is getting children out on the rink to play ice hockey, which unfortunately carries a risk of concussion. A new study looks at mouth guards and whether they can reduce the risk of concussive head injury.

When evaluating and diagnosing migraines in pediatric patients, a thorough medical history is key to giving a diagnosis. These 8 questions are structured to pinpoint concerning headache patterns earlier in the diagnosing process.

Early treatment in acute migraines is important, but behavioral and lifestyle changes may be the best prevention tool in the pediatric population.

For a child presenting with a headache, it’s critical to make the correct diagnosis based on history and physical exam.

Experts seek to clear confusion, trepidation about concussion identification and management.

Computed tomography scans are often used when treating children for traumatic brain injury, but the exposure to ionizing radiation may give a clinician pause in cases that are extremely subtle. A new study published in Pediatrics looked at whether fast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, meaning motion-tolerant MRI sequences done without sedation) was accurate and feasible in young children.

Home furnishings, toys, home electronics, and other consumer products may be responsible for the nonfatal pediatric traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) that send children aged 0 to 19 years to the emergency department, according to a recent study.

Boys and girls experience similar rates of migraine as they approach puberty, but new findings reveal that girls’ incidence of migraine spikes after early menarche.

A new study suggests that patients may develop a tolerance to cannabidiol (CBD) oil over time, resulting in a loss of efficacy for seizure control.

Pediatricians must be able to identify emergent neurologic problems when they present in the office or are suspected in children and proceed with appropriate workup and treatment.

Not all children who have seizures are diagnosed with epilepsy, and a definitive diagnosis can be difficult to make. Now, researchers from the Netherlands have developed a Web-based tool to help clinicians predict the probability of future seizures based on early clinical data.

Scientific evidence supporting the efficacy and safety of adjuvant cannabidiol use for specific pediatric seizures is accumulating, but long-term effects of use are still unknown.

Concussions and other mild traumatic brain injuries are a fairly common issue in pediatric practice. For the first time, the CDC is offering evidence-based guidance to standardize diagnosis and management.

Drs. Bass and Valasek’s article in the August 2018 issue of Contemporary Pediatrics titled “Sports-related concussion: When it’s OK to return to play” provides a comprehensive review of sports-related concussions (SRC).

Pediatricians need to understand both pathophysiology and management of concussion to correctly address the question of return-to-play for athletes after a jolt to the head.

Physicians must understand current diagnostic criteria for pediatric migraine and its variants, and exercise their best clinical judgment regarding treatment.

For Contemporary Pediatrics, Dr Bobby Lazzara discusses a multicenter observational study published in JAMA Neurology that looked at time to treatment in children with refractory convulsive status epilepticus and the impact on mortality.

For Contemporary Pediatrics, Dr Bobby Lazzara discusses a population-based sample published in the American Journal of Psychiatry that followed 7th graders for 4 years and examined the effects of cannabis and alcohol on cognition.

A pediatrician with special training in neuromuscular disorders cautions that nothing replaces the traditional workup-a complete history and physical-for diagnosing neuromuscular complaints.

Stratifying tumors by their clinical characteristics and underlying biology will enable future targeting of specific therapies for glioma in children.

Phase III clinical trials of new antiepileptic medications show promise for reducing frequency of convulsive seizures in children.