Consultant for Pediatricians Vol 8 No 10

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common mental health disorder treated by pediatricians.1 Some pediatricians may not have the training, clinical experience, or time to adequately evaluate and treat children with ADHD-and most may feel their skills are insufficient in children with medication treatment resistance, comorbid psychiatric illnesses, or complex family dynamics.

These hypopigmented, mildly pruritic lesions on the right arm of a 7-year-old African American girl appeared several weeks ago. She had no other lesions and was otherwise healthy. The diagnosis on the basis of the clinical presentation was lichen striatus.

There are 2 major reasons to vaccinate your child.

Given the array of childhood disorders that can adversely affect the immune system, most pediatricians at some point will care for children who are immunodeficient.

Vaccines have saved more lives than any other single medical advance and are among the most important preventive tools available to clinicians.

A 5-year-old girl was brought to the emergency department after she was injured during a drive-by shooting. She had 5 small entry wounds: 2 in the arm, 2 in the buttocks, and 1 in the left torso. Radiographs confirmed that a piece of pellet had entered her upper torso but was not in the lung or causing any problem.

This palpable, nontender, nonblanching rash had developed on the elbows of an 18-year-old boy and spread to the ankles and feet. The rash was accompanied by moderate abdominal pain associated with episodes of nonbloody emesis that did not change with eating or bowel movements. Diffuse joint pain developed the day after the rash appeared.

Intensely itchy, hyperpigmented macules developed on the shoulders and upper arms of a 16-year-old boy 2 weeks after he completed his eighth cycle of chemotherapy with bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin, following an orchiectomy for a stage IV germ cell tumor of the left testis. During the next 3 days, the lesions evolved into a papulopustular rash that spread to the upper chest, abdomen, and neck.

The expansion of the immunization schedule for 2009 has resulted in several success stories. Two rotavirus vaccines are now available. Following the introduction of immunization against rotavirus, a sharp decline in cases of rotavirus gastroenteritis was seen.

The skin lesion pictured here is noted in a 12-year-old boy. His parents state that it developed when he was 1 year of age and that it has been growing with him ever since, with the number of “speckles” seen throughout the light brown background gradually increasing.

Because of the presence of unusual skin findings, a 3-year-old African American girl was evaluated for possible child abuse. The father, the primary guardian, reported that his daughter had returned home from her mother's residence 2 days before-a day earlier than planned. According to the father, the child was crying and had skin lesions, which initially appeared white and then darkened over the course of the next day or two.

A 5-year-old boy was brought for evaluation of ongoing thrombocytopenia before undergoing adenotonsillectomy for obstructive sleep apnea. The child had been given a diagnosis of "growing pains" after frequent evaluation for leg pain over the past 2 years.

A 2-year-old boy brought for pediatric dermatology consultation because of the "worst diaper rash in the world." Mother reported that the rash had been present for a year and was asymptomatic. She had been using topical barrier creams, corticosteroids, and antifungals to treat the area. Child had also received a course of oral antibiotics. Occasional improvement of rash noted but never complete resolution. Patient had no other medical problems. Family history noncontributory.