Top 5 most-viewed articles of 2025

Welcome to the last day of 2025, and another edition of our Countdown to 2026 series of recaps.

In this list, view a recap of the top 5 most-viewed articles on our website throughout 2025. Read a brief synopsis of the articles below, and click each link to read the full story.

IDSA recommends use of scoring systems to guide testing for group A streptococcal pharyngitis

On October 14, 2025, the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) released updated clinical practice guidelines for group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis, marking the first major revision since 2012. The new guidance emphasizes the use of validated clinical scoring systems to guide diagnostic testing and reduce unnecessary antibiotic use.

The 2025 update highlights the continued challenge of distinguishing viral from bacterial causes of sore throat, noting that most cases are viral and self-limiting. GAS remains the cause in up to 15% of adults and 30% of children, but overdiagnosis contributes to antibiotic overuse and resistance.

Click here for more.

Case study: Boy, aged 10 years, has painful nodules on his feet

A boy aged 10 years presented to the outpatient office with a history of painful nodules on the plantar surface of his bilateral feet 8 to 10 hours after spending time in a hot tub. He was unable to bear weight or put on socks and shoes due to his pain. The photos were taken soon after the painful and red papules appeared. The lesions affected the whole plantar aspect of both feet. Over the following 4 days, the nodules became less painful and red.

Click here for the full case presentation, differential diagnosis, and correct patient diagnosis.

Smart infant monitors: a pediatrician’s guide

Sunaina Kapoor, MD, MPH, and Joseph M. Collaco, MD, PhD, provide an overview of commercially available infant cardiorespiratory monitors and pulse oximeters in the home.

"Over the past decade, there has been an emergence of commercially available home devices to help monitor an infant’s vital signs during sleep. These devices aim to provide reassurance and peace of mind to parents with real-time continuous data on an infant’s respiratory rate, heart rate, peripheral oxygen saturation, and even quality of sleep. These technologies can come in the form of cameras, wearable socks, belts, and swaddles. As these devices continue to gain popularity, there is limited guidance for pediatricians and health care providers on how to counsel families regarding their use, how to interpret data generated from these devices, and whether these devices are providing reassurance or preventing adverse outcomes for families with infants."

Click here for the full review, published on March 6, 2025.

Chapter 1: When to Use Epinephrine in Anaphylaxis

This Insights video series sponsored by ARS Pharmaceuticals featuring Dr. Matthew Greenhawt, MD, MBA, MSc, FACAAI, FAAAAI will discuss the following:

• Review the importance of identifying and managing patients at risk for Type I allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis, from a pediatric perspective.
• Describe essential strategies for educating new and returning patients and caregivers on effective preparedness, recognizing symptoms of an allergic reaction, including anaphylaxis, the importance of understanding severity, and the critical timing of rapid epinephrine administration.
• Explore strategies for engaging patients in shared decision-making for optimal preparedness, including discussion of common barriers to rapid, successful epinephrine use with needle-injectors (especially avoidance and hesitation as well as administrative risks and safety), and examine how intranasal delivery with neffy® (epinephrine nasal spray) is designed to mitigate these challenges.

Click here to view the series.

CDC: 2024-2025 seasonal norovirus outbreaks up from previous years

Based on reports by NoroSTAT-participating states, the total number of outbreaks in 2024-2025 seasonal year is above the range reported 012–2020 and 2021-2024 seasonal years.

Click here for more on norovirus.