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A new American Academy of Pediatric (AAP) clinical report, “Prevention of Rickets and Vitamin D Deficiency in Infants, Children, and Adolescents,” recommends all children receive 400 IU a day of vitamin D, beginning within the first few days of life.

Speaking to an overflow audience at this year’s AAP Conference, Robert Frenck, MD, a professor of infectious diseases (ID) at Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, prefaced his talk on community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA- MRSA) management by saying, “we just don’t know the all answers yet.”

A 14-year-old boy who recently moved to the area comes to your practice for a sports physical. When you enter the exam room, you are immediately struck by his stature; he is tall and thin, with long arms and legs. He is also wearing glasses. You greet your patient first, and then stretch out your hand to greet Mom, who rises from a chair in the exam room. You note that Mom is markedly tall as well. The question for you is: Is this Marfan syndrome, or is your patient simply near-sighted and naturally tall?

Over the last few years, the incidence of hypertension (HTN) in children has risen, noted Beth Vogt, MD, of Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital in Cleveland, as she spoke in Boston to a packed room of concerned pediatricians. In addition to a rise in HTN, the average blood pressure (BP) of American children is also increasing. Several studies have shown that elevated blood pressure is under-recognized; the increase in HTN may also be associated with the childhood obesity. The recommendations below offer some insight in how to identify the child with elevated BP, and how to approach treatment.

When is a one-week-old newborn not one week old? When she’s a late preterm baby, delivered before 37 weeks-gestation. Late preterm children often have slower biological development, are at greater risk for cerebral palsy, and suffer cognitive deficits, said Marliee C. Allen, MD, of Johns Hopkins School of Medicine.

“The mind is what the brain does,” said Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s John D. E. Gabrieli, PhD, leading off Sunday’s connected plenary sessions on the brain and early childhood development. His focus was on how functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has changed what we know about how child brains differ from adult brains.

In April 2008 the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) came out with its latest policy statement on strength training by children and adolescents. The statement considers weight training or resistance training safe, with the proper supervision and technique. However, longer-term injury data is needed, and weight training is not recommended for the general population. The AAP policy also states that it is against competitive power lifting and body building.

The respective roles of communication, phone triage management, and documentation are essential if pediatricians want to protect themselves from possible costly malpractice lawsuits, emphasized Gary N. McAbee, DO, JD, Professor of Pediatrics (Neurology) at the Robert Wood Johnson School of Medicine in Camden, N.J.

While they may be a part of American culture, a simple handshake or thumbs up may offend some of your patients and their parents. That’s one of the take-home messages of a talk presented by anthropologists Geri-Ann Galanti, PhD, California State University, Los Angeles, and David Katz, PhD, US Naval War College, Newport, R.I. to pediatricians at this year’s American Academy of Pediatrics meeting in Boston.

Groans, gasps, and cries of disgust greeted many of the images shown at Saturday’s plenary presentation by Jean Kilbourne, PhD. But she wasn’t a dermatologist, or an oral surgeon, or any other doctor showing off wince-inducing injuries.

Martha Ann Keels, DDS, PhD, of Children’s Pediatric Dentistry at Duke University, provided a case-based overview of the management of pediatric dental trauma at the 2008 American Academy of Pediatrics’ National Conference and Exposition in Boston.

Wouldn’t it be great if your patient’s medical records preceded her to the emergency room? Or your patient’s surgical procedure arrived in his medical record prior to a follow-up visit with you? That’s the dream of electronic health records (EHRs).

The health of children is affected by the degree of income and education their parents have attained, according to a study published by the Commission to Build a Healthier America at the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation.

Fan use may be associated with a lower risk of sudden death syndrome (SIDS), as reported in the October Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine.

In a study presented at the Annual Congress of the European Respiratory Society, researchers stated that women late in pregnancy who are stressed have an increased risk of their child developing asthma.

Fixation preference testing in infants and toddlers may not be reliable in detecting amblyopia, according to a study published in the October Opthalmology.