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Since the middle of the 20th century, childhood immunization has saved millions of lives. Thanks to the polio vaccine, children in the United States no longer face death and disability from this crippling disease. As of the 1970s, vaccination had wiped out smallpox—a disease that earlier in the century killed 300 million people worldwide. Many other serious infections, including meningitis and measles, are now rare in America's children because of the vaccines they get.

The second of a four-part series on nutritional interventionsexamines evidence of a salicylate-elimination diet for ADHD.

Bringing families together for group well-child visits can yield valuable dividends for parents, patients-and you.

Is that sore throat "strep"? Which patients should you test-and how? Does every rapid test require a backup throat culture? Here's what you need to know.

A structured psychosocial interview allows you to assess if, and how, a male teenager's lifestyle or home and school environment pose a risk to his mental and physical health. The authors show you the right questions to ask and how to ask them-the keys to getting your patient to open up.

The discovery of an attached tick on a child can provoke great anxiety in parents. Here are concise instructions for completely removing those tiny, stubborn subjects of worrisome scrutiny in your office. Includes a Guide for Parents.

What's the cause for an asymptomatic plaque that has been growing slowly on a boy's nose?

Laws that are advocated by groups like putchildrenfirst.org areunnecessary and threaten to interrupt the supply of influenzavaccine for the immediate future.

Time is one of the most important barriers to more effective health counseling by pediatricians. But a recent study using personal digital assistants (PDAs) shows that technology can help make those few counseling minutes more useful and more effective.

Early attention to maternal diet and infant nutrition may help prevent allergy and food intolerance in high-risk infants who are unable to be completely breastfed, according to recent data and speakers at a dinner symposium Sunday evening. Speakers Peyton Eggleston, MD, professor of pediatrics at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Mark Boguniewicz, MD, National Jewish Medical and Research Center and University of Colorado School of Medicine; and John A. Kerner, MD, Stanford University School of Medicine, discussed the rising prevalence of allergic disease worldwide and the key factors shaping the trend, the progression of atopic disease in genetically predisposed children, the factors associated with risk of developing allergic disease, and the evidence for a role of diet in preventing allergic disease in young children.

There are no easy answers when it comes to mandatory testing ofnewborns for HIV. In a year when about 250 US infants are expectedto be born HIV positive with no advance warning or maternaltesting, ethics, politics, and costs are colliding in an explosionof argument, opinion, and data.

Small lifestyle changes can make a major difference in childhoodweight gain. Adding as few as 2,000 steps to daily activity andreducing daily food intake by 100 calories through a familyintervention program can significantly reduce body mass index inchildren and limit weight gain.

A new study on potential interactions between genetic and environmental factors in ADHD suggests that current limits on lead exposure are too high. Lead exposure below the current limits allowed by Environmental Protection Agency regulations produced measurable impairment of executive functions, especially in boys, who have a specific variation in the DRD4 dopamine receptor gene.

Fifteen-year-old girl with several- day history of worsening right-sided facial pain and swelling. Pain severity 10 on a scale of 1 to 10. Limited oral intake.

For several weeks, a 6-year-old girl has had a worsening mildly pruritic rash on the trunk. She has a history of seasonal allergies. The family has had a cat and a dog in the house for a number of years.