Sean Rose, MD, highlights persistent concussion symptoms in young children

In a Contemporary Pediatrics interview, Sean Rose, MD, pediatric neurologist at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, discussed findings from a prospective study examining symptom persistence following concussion in children aged younger than 6 years. The study focused on a population that has historically been underrepresented in concussion research and followed participants for up to 12 months after injury.

Rose explained that the study enrolled young children who presented to the emergency department with a concussion and tracked their symptoms over time. The results showed that concussion-related symptoms were common and often persistent in this age group. At 1 month after injury, 28% of children continued to experience symptoms. This proportion declined to 24% at 3 months and 16% at 1 year, indicating that while many children recover quickly, a substantial subset experiences long-term effects.

To better understand whether these symptoms were specific to concussion, the researchers compared outcomes with 2 control groups: children who presented to the emergency department with orthopedic injuries and healthy children. At 1 month, only 10% of children with orthopedic injuries reported similar symptoms, compared with 28% of children with concussion. Among healthy children, only 2% reported symptoms. These comparisons helped confirm that the symptoms observed in the concussion group were not simply related to injury in general or typical childhood behaviors.

Rose noted that concussion symptoms in very young children often differ from those seen in older children and adults. Because young children may not be able to articulate headaches, dizziness, or cognitive difficulties, clinicians must rely heavily on caregiver observations. Common symptoms in this age group include behavioral changes such as increased irritability, altered appetite, increased clinginess, reduced independence, and changes in activity or play. These symptoms can persist for months and may affect functioning in daycare or school settings, as well as parent–child interactions.

Regarding clinical management, Rose emphasized that although head injuries are common in young children, most do not result in concussion. However, children who develop concerning symptoms after a head injury should be promptly evaluated by a health care professional. Management may include activity guidance, symptom-targeted treatments, and supportive therapies such as physical therapy or family counseling.

Looking ahead, Rose highlighted the need for treatment-focused research. While young children appear to have similar rates of persistent symptoms as older children and adults, evidence-based treatments tailored to this age group are lacking.

Future studies should focus on identifying the most effective interventions to support recovery. Rose concluded by emphasizing that approximately three-quarters of young children recover fully within a month, while underscoring the importance of identifying and supporting those at risk for prolonged symptoms.

No relevant disclosures.

Reference

Study shows younger children experience persistent symptoms following concussion. Nationwide Children’s Hospital. January 23, 2026. Accessed January 30, 2026. https://www.newswise.com/articles/study-shows-younger-children-experience-persistent-symptoms-following-concussion/?sc=dwhr&xy=10069075