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Meet the Editors

 and joined the MJH Life Sciences team in December 2019. She graduated from Youngstown State University in 2019 with a bachelor's degree in journalism and a minor in political science. Prior to graduating, Morgan worked as the editor-in-chief of her college newspaper. She went on to work as an assignment editor at a broadcast news station in Youngstown, Ohio before joining 

 You can reach her at mpetronelli@mjhlifesciences.com.

Articles

AAP updates clinical guidance to help pediatricians navigate genetic evaluation of children with global developmental delay or intellectual disability.

AAP updates guidance on genetic testing for developmental delay

. He joined the brand in March of 2023 as an editor before being promoted to senior editor in January 2024. Fitch graduated from Youngstown State University in Youngstown, Ohio in 2020 with a degree in telecommunications and journalism. He started his career as a news and sports videographer before becoming an on-air sports anchor at the NBC-affiliated news station in Youngstown. Fitch briefly worked as a national content writer for a Chicago-based national television station before joining the 

team. He can be reached at: jfitch@mjhlifesciences.com.

A 40-year study found that higher third-trimester glucose levels in insulin-dependent pregnancies were tied to increased obesity risk in adult offspring.

Third-trimester hyperglycemia in pregnancy linked to adult obesity in children

Prenatal PFAS exposure was linked to higher adolescent blood pressure according to a recent study.

Prenatal exposure to PFAS associated with higher blood pressure in adolescence

Get caught up with Contemporary Pediatrics! This list helps you navigate our top stories from the week, all in one place.

Weekly review: New PrEP for HIV, new HAE treatment, and more

Contemporary Pediatrics connects pediatricians with peer-reviewed articles, guideline updates, and practice strategies for real-world clinical application.

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Several hours before he was seen in the office, a 2-year-old boy passed stool that contained a large intact sunflower seed. He had poor appetite and abdominal cramps but no recent history of emesis or fever.

Sunflower Seed Ingestion

**Editor's Note** Please note that starting January 1, 2025, we will be switching to an online-exclusive publication process. This will allow us to publish case submissions quicker without having to deal with the variables that come along with print publication. All cases will still be eligible for print publication consideration, but publication in our print magazine is not guaranteed and will be up to the editor's discretion. 

Do you have a puzzling pediatric case that you’d like to share with the readers of 

We are looking for intriguing diagnoses that have stumped the experts—a diagnostic “Puzzler”—to help our physicians enhance their day-to-day practices. If you have such a story to tell, tell us.

Here’s what to do: Before you begin, we suggest that first you review the Puzzler 

https://www.contemporarypediatrics.com/case-studies

. Please note the specific style required for writing Puzzler manuscripts.

Next, prepare a draft of your case, including a summary of the presenting symptoms, a case overview, a 

table of the differential diagnosis (MANDATORY)

, and the special aspects of your case that qualify it as a Puzzler, and send it to us. Please note that the differential diagnosis table should also be discussed in the body text. We’ll review your draft and let you know what you need to add or revise before we send the manuscript to peer review for evaluation.

Puzzlers vary in length, and we suggest a minimum of 1,200 words up to a maximum of 2,000 words, but that is because of the complexity of some cases and whether some patients returned for many assessments before their diagnoses were determined. Also, some authors describe the pathophysiology of the differentials in great detail. Please also note no more than 3 authors are allowed per article.

What's most important is to show us the process that you used to analyze the case, including:

Why you decided to order certain tests and why you did not order others.

Peer consultations or why you elected to contact other specialists.

Lab values including vital signs or blood tests.

Labs and values if your patient was attended to in the emergency department or other hospital departments such as radiology or neurology.

Discussion related to the possible diagnoses.

Final diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, and follow-up.

Remember to indicate numbered citations within the body of the text and include a complete list of corresponding literature/references at the end of the manuscript. (Do not use any citation management programs or unlink them.) 

Limit references to 25. No references (unless it is a seminal study) can be older than 10 years.

We prefer primary research as references, but some cases are so obscure that authors will need to pull from a variety of sources. However, 

. Be advised that peer reviewers are adamant that the disease/disorder you describe was actually diagnosed and not determined by index of suspicion on the basis of ruling out various differentials. We use AMA11 as our publication style, which uses superscript citation numbers and a corresponding numbered reference list. Please create your citations and references in this style.  Check this recent article posted online at 

https://www.contemporarypediatrics.com/view/the-rx-of-adhd

 for examples of reference style. IMPORTANT NOTE WITH AMA 11TH EDITION: PLEASE PUT DOI OR WEBSITES/URLS AT THE END OF THE REFERENCE LINE.

When you send your draft manuscript, also 

. These image files must be high-resolution jpg or tiff files (minimum of 300 dpi) and as large in size as possible. We suggest a minimum of 7 horizontal inches. The images must be original photos with clear permissions to use, not images from copyrighted sources. Send as separate attachments with your e-mail submission; do not embed images into your manuscript document.

After we receive your manuscript, our editors and peer reviewers will review your draft and let you know if we accept your submission for publication. 

Puzzler is one of the departments for which we receive the most submissions, so it may be several months after submission before you receive feedback from us.

If we do accept your submission for publication, we will contact you with further instructions.

Send your submissions in Microsoft Word format to 

, via e-mail to mpetronelli@mjhlifesciences.com

Guidelines for PUZZLER, Contemporary Pediatrics

 poll. Take a look at the following case below. After reading through the description, choose a multiple choice answer and try to guess the correct patient diagnosis.

on Monday, January 6 at 12:00 PM ET for the full case presentation, differential diagnoses, and the correct patient diagnosis. 

This case was provided by Amar Davé, MD, FAAP and Pahroul Davé, APRN

A boy aged 10 years presented to the outpatient office with a history of painful nodules on the plantar surface of his bilateral feet 8 to 10 hours after spending time in a hot tub. He was unable to bear weight or put on socks and shoes due to his pain. The photos were taken soon after the painful and red papules appeared. The lesions affected the whole plantar aspect of both feet. Over the following 4 days, the nodules became less painful and red. 

Medical advice was sought on the fifth day of symptoms, and by this time, the child was improving clinically. He was stable with subcutaneous, mildly painful, fleshy nodules mostly populating the medial arch of the foot. His remaining clinical examination results were within a normal range. Further questioning of the child’s mother revealed that other children exposed to the hot tub experienced painful feet but without lesions. 

Due to the patient’s improving symptoms and the self-limiting nature of the illness, no tests or labs were ordered as the child was not acutely ill. No peer consultations or specialists were utilized.

Click here for the full case presentation, differential diagnoses, and the correct patient diagnosis, in a separate article.

The photos in this case were taken soon after the painful and red papules appeared.

News

Case Studies

Can you diagnose this boy with painful nodules on his feet?

 poll. Take a look at the following case below. After reading through the description, choose a multiple-choice answer and try to guess the correct patient diagnosis.

This case was presented by Rutva Vora, BS; and Monica Guirguis, DO.

A 2-month-old female was born after an uneventful pregnancy at 40 weeks’ gestation via vacuum-assisted vaginal delivery to a G2P1011 female. The patient’s APGAR scores were 7 and 9 at 1 and 5 minutes, respectively, at birth. No bleeding or other complications were reported during delivery. The newborn and mother were discharged two days after delivery without requiring NICU stay or interventions. The infant briefly developed a small soft palpable scalp swelling that resolved within days after delivery. The patient followed an otherwise uncomplicated growth progression since birth. She did exhibit mild reflux symptoms, which were managed with supportive care measures. Physical examination after delivery and subsequent exams revealed no abnormalities, including no signs of scalp swelling or injury.

At 8 weeks of age, the patient presented to the Emergency Department with a 3-day history of new-onset scalp swelling. The parents decided to seek medical attention after the swelling became noticeably enlarged. Parents denied any changes in her mental status, vomiting, fevers, lethargy, irritability, or any other new concerns. She did have symptoms of gassiness and fussiness that were unchanged from baseline. No history of trauma was reported, and there were no concerning signs suggestive of nonaccidental trauma. The patient appeared well, with a soft, fluctuant palpable subcutaneous fluid collection overlying the parieto-occipital scalp, without crossing suture lines. The anterior fontanelle was soft and non-bulging, and there was no hemotympanum.

Bleeding disorder (e.g. Von Willebrand Disease)

Can you diagnose this patient? Take our poll and find out! Then check back for the full case, differential diagnosis, and correct diagnosis.

Diagnose this 2-month-old with scalp swelling

 poll. Take a look at the following case below. After reading through the description, choose a multiple choice answer and try to guess the correct patient diagnosis. 

 on Monday, March 24, 2025 at 12:00 PM ET or later for the full case presentation, differential diagnoses, and the correct patient diagnosis. 

This case was provided by Muhammad Aamir Anees and Bernard A. Cohen, MD

Want more puzzler and dermatology cases? 

A healthy 9-year-old girl developed an asymptomatic eruption of discrete and confluent, 2 to 3 mm, hypopigmented papules in a linear pattern along the lines of Blaschko on the back of her left thigh and leg over the past 3 weeks. The lesions cleared without treatment 4 to 5 months later. 

Inflammatory linear verrucous epidermal nevus

on Monday, March 24, 2025 at 12:00 PM ET or later for the full case presentation, differential diagnosis, and correct patient diagnosis.

Take your best guess and try to diagnose this 9-year-old girl's linear eruption on the back of her left thigh and leg. Stay tuned for the full case presentation and correct diagnosis! 

Poll: What's the diagnosis of this linear eruption on the leg of a 9-year-old girl?

John Browning, MD, FAAD, FAAP discusses the FDA approval of tapinarof cream, 1% to treat atopic dermatitis

FDA approves tapinarof cream, 1% for atopic dermatitis patients 2 years and up

Organon's tapinarof cream, 1% (VTAMA), an aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist, once-daily, steroid-free topical cream, has been approved by the FDA to treat atopic dermatitis in patients aged 2 years and up, according to a press release from Organon.

"It's rare to first of all, have a steroid free option, but also to have something that's going to work in a completely different mechanism," John Browning, MD, FAAD, FAAP, in the above interview with 

Browning is a board-certified pediatric and adult dermatologist in San Antonio, Texas, and is an assistant professor at the Baylor College of Medicine, as well as the chief of Dermatology at the Children's Hospital of San Antonio. 

"Instead of just blocking inflammation, with tapinarof we're actually seeing the epidermal barrier, so your skin integrity improves with it," said Browning. "The other thing that's unique is the ability to go through these disease free intervals, [basically] a time when the skin clears up. It's very exciting to have a steroid free option for treating atopic dermatitis aged 2 and up." 

The supplemental New Drug Application and subsequent approval by the federal agency was based on data from the 

ADORING 1 (NCT05014568) and ADORING 2 (NCT05032859)

 phase 3 trials. The trials are identical, double-blind, randomized, and vehicle-controlled, with a primary endpoint being a Validated Investigator Global Assessment for Atopic Dermatitis (vIGA-AD) score of clear (0) or almost clear (1) with at least a 2-grade improvement from baseline at week 8.

In ADORING 1, adult and pediatric participants aged 2 years and up with moderate to severe AD were randomized (2 to 1) to receive once-daily tapinarof or vehicle cream. By week 8, 45.4% of participants that received tapinarof achieved the primary endpoint of a vIGA-AD score of 0 or 1 with at least a 2-grade improvement from baseline. In the trial, 55.8% of tapinarof users achieved the key secondary endpoint of the proportion of participants with a 75% or greater improvement in the Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI75) from baseline at week 8 (

A significant improvement in itch was observed in study participants 12 years and older that received tapinarof. Of these participants with a Peak Pruritus Numeric Rating Scale (PP-NRS) score of 4 or greater at baseline, 61.1% achieved a 4-point or greater reduction in the PP-NRS at week 8 (

 = 0.0366), another key secondary endpoint of the study.

“VTAMA cream approval in AD is important because it can be prescribed for children as young as 2 years old. VTAMA cream has the potential to bring much needed relief to a significant number of children suffering from this disease,” said Adelaide A. Hebert, MD, Professor and Chief of Pediatric Dermatology at McGovern Medical School at UTHealth Houston and Children’s Memorial Hermann Hospital and lead investigator for the ADORING program, in a press release.

"Moreover, because the prevalence of itch makes this condition extremely burdensome to patients and their families, the itch data from the ADORING program demonstrates reduction of one of the condition’s most prevalent symptoms with use of VTAMA cream," said Hebert.

In January of 2024, Organon announced data

 from an interim analysis of the ADORING 3 open-label, long-term extension study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of tapinarof cream 1% in AD patients for up to 48 weeks, as well as an integrated analysis of data that included 711 patients from the ADORING 1 and 2 trials.

In the integrated analysis, 73% (519/711) of patients achieved a vIGA-AD™ score of 0 (clear) or 1 (almost clear) with at least a 2-grade improvement from baseline.

Interim analysis for ADORING 3 revealed that 51.2% achieved complete disease clearance (vIGA-AD score: 0).

In October 2023, Dermavant released new pruritus data for tapinarof cream, 1% that revealed a greater reduction in itch as early as 24 hours after first application in children as young as 2 years of age with AD.

"Overall, these results show a rapid reduction in itch as early as 24 hours after first application of tapinarof, with a consistent improvement in itch through week 8," Eric Simpson, MD, MCR, professor, Frances J. Storrs Medical Dermatology, director, CLEAR Eczema Center, Oregon Health & Science University, told 

"Itch remains the most burdensome and prevalent symptoms of atopic dermatitis, and these results highlight the potential of tapinarof as a clinically meaningful therapy with the ability to reduce itch for adults and children living with atopic dermatitis," said Simpson.

Click here for full 24-hour application results and full commentary from Simpson.

"I've had patients that looked like they really needed a systemic agent, one of the injectable biologics, and they were able to go into the study, and it was incredible to see the results at the end of the study in terms of having clear skin, itch reduction, and just having happy patients," said Browning.

"I really hope that this can become a first line agent that people are comfortable prescribing, whether they're dermatology, pediatric dermatology, or primary care, and that's because of the great safety profile and efficacy that it provides," concluded Browning.

Tapinarof cream, 1% was approved by the FDA to treat plaque psoriasis in adults in May of 2022.

The most common adverse reactions occurring in ≥1% of patients in the pivotal trials were: upper respiratory tract infection; red raised bumps around the hair pores (folliculitis); lower respiratory tract infection; headache; asthma; vomiting; ear infection; pain in extremity; and stomach-area (abdominal) pain.

"I really hope this becomes a first-line agent that people are comfortable prescribing whether they are in dermatology, pediatric dermatology, or primary care."

Agnes Schultz, MD

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