Case Studies

What's the diagnosis of this linear eruption on an adolescent girl's leg?

Take your best guess and try to diagnose this 9-year-old girl's linear eruption on the back of her left thigh and leg. Stay tuned for the full case presentation and correct diagnosis!

On exam, the patient is found to have circular, slightly raised, blanching, erythematous papules on the lower extremities and abdomen.

Can you diagnose this patient in our most recent puzzler poll?

His mother reported that the nail had developed a green discoloration and had begun to detach approximately 1 week prior to the visit.

Can you diagnose this patient?

The patient had increased her vape use recently, but did not disclose when she started, or how much she vaped.

Medical advice was sought on the fifth day of symptoms, and by this time, the child was improving clinically.

The photos in this case were taken soon after the painful and red papules appeared.

Can you diagnose this patient with a tender bump on the labia majora accompanied by fever and sore throat?

A 5-year-old boy with a history of asthma presented for a 1-year history of multiple episodes of emesis. What's the diagnosis?

An 11-year-old boy with a history of asthma and allergic rhinitis presented to the emergency department (ED) with worsening fatigue, minimal responsivity to external stimuli, and diffuse muscle weakness for 2 months.

A 9-year-old boy was seen for follow-up of a neck mass noted several years earlier. He first presented with this finding at 3 years of age, when during an otherwise unremarkable examination, he became upset, and a protuberant swelling was noted in the anterior aspect of the right side of his neck. What's the diagnosis?

Take this Contemporary Pediatrics quiz, and see if you can correctly diagnose the patient in this case study. Submit your answer to see if you were correct.

An 11-year-old boy presented to the emergency department complaining of left testicular pain for 2 days, described as intermittent and stabbing, which ranged between 5 and 8 of 10 in intensity. Read the full case to see if you can correctly diagnose the patient.

A 4-day-old boy with a midline neck lesion was born at term by normal vaginal delivery. After birth, mid line lesion had the configuration of a linear cleft with a cephalocaudal orientation, extending from the level below the hyoid bone to the suprasternal notch with a length of 2.5 cm and a width of 0.5 cm. What's the diagnosis?

A healthy 13-year-old girl presented with a 1-month history of an asymptomatic, well-demarcated rash on her back and upper chest. The eruption consisted of discrete, dark brown papules that coalesced into large, flat-topped plaques with mild superficial scale and accentuation of skin markings. What's the diagnosis?

A 22-month-old female patient with sickle cell disease on folic acid and penicillin prophylaxis with a 3-day history of nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, fever and decreased oral intake presents to the emergency department (ED) for acute facial swelling noted when she woke up from a nap. What's the diagnosis?

You are called to the hospital nursery to evaluate a healthy full-term newborn boy who developed painful flaccid blisters and erosions on the tops of his feet and ankles shortly after birth. His mother had a history of similar recurrent skin lesions that healed with scarring. She also had oral and gastrointestinal tract involvement. What's the diagnosis?

A 5-week-old female infant born at 38 weeks presents to her pediatrician with abnormal eye movements. What’s the diagnosis?

The infant did not show signs of illness; her mother experienced a routine pregnancy and prenatal lab test results were normal. What is the diagnosis?

A 19-year-old male presents to the emergency department (ED) with headache and fever of 4 days’ duration. Six days earlier, his left palm had been punctured by a rusty nail. What's the diagnosis?

As more and more states legalize recreational marijuana, caregivers need to be vigilant about keeping products out of reach of children.

A 16-year-old boy with developmental delay and intellectual disability developed dramatic chronic wrinkling of his scalp over a year ago. The lesions were persistent but not symptomatic. What's the diagnosis?

A healthy 17-year-old girl with inflammatory acne had failed to respond to topical tretinoin, benzoyl peroxide, and oral minocycline. What's the diagnosis?

Alex, an 18-year-old male, presented to the emergency department with a 4-day history of paranoia, agitation, and disorganized behavior. He had no psychiatric history or prior mental health contact and no known medical conditions.

You are asked to evaluate an African American boy aged 4 years with a birthmark on his back and right arm. He is healthy with normal growth and development. What's the diagnosis?

You are asked to evaluate a healthy 1.5-day-old girl who has a congenital red patch with coarse telangiectasias and a surrounding ring of pallor on the right shoulder. What's your diagnosis?