Pain

Gastrointestinal concerns are a common reason for a child's visit. This article offers a review of the most common ailments that may lead to that visit.

A 2-year-old girl with a 36-hour history of left shoulder redness and pain. She developed a fever 24 hours prior to presentation. She was stung by a hornet on multiple areas of her left upper extremity 10 days earlier. What’s the diagnosis?

Headaches are common in children, but not all headaches are the same. This article offers a review of triggers and treatments.

Headache following concussion is not unusual, but could the type help indicate which cases may be prolonged?

An investigation examines whether parental prescription opioid use impacts a child’s opioid use and misuse.

Non-opioid pain management recommended in pediatrics when possible, according to new guideline.

Often what parents reach for to relieve a child’s pain or fever, a new meta-analysis looks at the efficacy and safety of ibuprofen and acetaminophen.

Headache may be one of the most recognizable health concerns, but managing it may not always be clear. A presentation at the virtual 2020 American Academy of Pediatrics National Conference & Exhibition offers a tiered approach to aid in management.

A new study examines the efficacy of the toxin for migraine treatment in pediatrics.

A bone fracture is a painful experience and ibuprofen may be used to treat the pain. A report examines whether it could inhibit bone healing.

Associated with musculoskeletal pain in adults, poor sleep also could carry a similar risk for children.

Available data cannot claim benefits of one medication over another for pediatric migraine, but evidence supports treatment of some kind to reduce frequency and severity.

Physical exams for shoulder pain in young athletes can be performed in the primary care setting. Here are 6 tests to help diagnose the source of the pain.

Arm pain is a common complaint in young athletes but playing though shoulder pain can have serious consequences. Here is guidance for diagnosing shoulder pain and helping these players get their game on.

Treatment regimens that include ondansetron as the antiemetic of choice for children who visit a pediatric emergency department for acute migraine are safe and effective, according to a retrospective review.

When evaluating and diagnosing migraines in pediatric patients, a thorough medical history is key to giving a diagnosis. These 8 questions are structured to pinpoint concerning headache patterns earlier in the diagnosing process.

Early treatment in acute migraines is important, but behavioral and lifestyle changes may be the best prevention tool in the pediatric population.

Boys and girls experience similar rates of migraine as they approach puberty, but new findings reveal that girls’ incidence of migraine spikes after early menarche.

Physicians must understand current diagnostic criteria for pediatric migraine and its variants, and exercise their best clinical judgment regarding treatment.

Laboratory tests are not very helpful when trying to determine whether a child with musculoskeletal complaints has any of the rheumatic diseases of childhood, and using adult models to evaluate these children is equally ineffective.

Steven, a 13-year-old boy, experienced his first headache at age 7 years. The frequency, intensity, and duration of his headaches have been increasing over the past 6 months. Steven now experiences 7 to 10 headaches each month that last up to 8 hours. The headaches are associated with mild nausea, light and sound sensitivity, dizziness, fatigue, occasional abdominal discomfort, and difficulty in concentrating. Last year, he had a vomiting episode because of a headache. The pain is usually more prominent in the forehead and does not favor either side of the head. The headaches usually begin in the morning before he leaves for school. As a result, Steven has missed nearly 25% of his school days this semester; his parents are considering home tutoring for "sick children who are unable to attend school."

Musculoskeletal infections in children include osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, and pyomyositis. Most of these infections are bacterial. Staphylococcus aureus is the most common organism in children in all age cat-egories. Others include group A Streptococcus, Neisseria meningitidis in purpura fulminans, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Borrelia burgdorferi.

Infants and toddlers will put just about anything into their mouths. Each year in this country, between 100,000 and 200,000 incidents of foreign-body ingestions are reported to poison control centers.1,2 The large majority of ingestions are accidental. (In adolescents, ingestions are usually intentional.)

A 17-year-old boy with no history of foot problems decided to try some new moves with his skateboard on a steep ramp. Midway down the ramp, he tumbled head over heels and landed with most of his weight on his plantar-flexed right foot.

A 9-year-old girl was hospitalized because of a painful, vesicular rash on her genitals, groin, and buttocks. There was also concern about possible genital herpes infection in a minor.

A 12-year-old girl complains of left knee pain and swelling that resulted from a collision with another player while she was playing kickball the day before. Her left foot was planted as she tried to catch a ball, and she was hit on the outside of the left knee. She fell to the ground and was unable to walk on the injured leg; overnight, the knee became more swollen and painful.

"Headaches" is the chief complaint. Acne was the problem last year for 17-year-old Michelle. Otherwise her history is unremarkable. What's causing these daily headaches?