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Children in the foster care system are exposed early in life to adverse experiences by living within dysfunctional families and specific facts have not changed. What has changed is the recognition of the need for the healthcare system to change its care for these vulnerable children to prevent the adverse effects that traumatic stress imposes on their physical and emotional development and well-being.

Bacteremia is now a rare event in previously healthy children aged 3 to 36 months because of the introduction of routine immunization with the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV).

Among concerns with administering these multiple and frequent immunizations in young children are the potential pain and adverse effects associated with injections. Along with inducing pain in some children, the early negative experience of needle-related procedures can interfere with adherence to immunization schedules and create long-lasting effects of anxiety and stress around needle-related procedures that remain into adulthood.

For Contemporary Pediatrics, Dr Bobby Lazzara discusses a study published in the journal Pediatric Emergency Care that examined whether practices were prepared for emergencies requiring airway management.

A recent study found that taking a watchful waiting approach when managing acute otitis media in qualifying children proves to be the more cost-effective strategy to follow.

A recent study found that pathogen exposure, upper respiratory tract infection (URI), and nasal obstruction all were associated with chronic otitis media with effusion (COME) in preschool-aged children, underscoring the need for improved methods in pathogen transmission prevention in this patient population.

Although penicillin allergy is the most commonly reported medication allergy in children, the true incidence of this allergy in children is low with data suggesting that the large numbers of adverse drug reactions reported by parents as signs of an allergic reaction, such as rash or diarrhea associated with antibiotics, may not be consistent with a true allergic reaction.

Pediatricians can help children fleeing to the United States with medical and social needs, as well as acting as their advocate.

As the number of infants and children developing peanut allergy continues to grow, so does the need for pediatricians and other primary care providers to understand current recommendations on how best to prevent this allergy.

Exposure to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) youth-specific national antismoking media campaign-The Real Cost-was associated with preventing young persons from beginning to smoke.

In patients with sickle cell disease, therapy with crizanlizumab, an antibody against the adhesion molecule P-selectin, resulted in a significantly lower rate of sickle cell-related pain crises than placebo, a trial in 198 patients aged from 16 to 65 years showed.

A study in 217 premature infants with HPS showed that premature infants are likely to present with HPS at an older age than are term infants with this condition.

A 16-year-old girl presents to an emergency department (ED) accompanied by her boyfriend to report a 24-hour history of right lower quadrant pain. The pain is associated with midline lower back pain and light vaginal bleeding (1 to 2 tampons per day). She has experienced some nausea but no vomiting.

A preoperative evaluation is requested for a 15-year-old boy who is a renal transplant patient maintained on oral mycophenolate mofetil and tacrolimus. His parents are worried that an itchy rash on his hands and feet, which has been progressing over the last 4 months, will result in postponement of his surgery.

Approximately 500,000 children spend time in foster care annually, and the majority of children in foster care have complicated and unmet healthcare needs.

The pediatrician may be one of the only sources of advocacy, support, stability, and advice for the child in foster care. In that role, he or she must understand the needs and experiences of a foster child compared with other patients in the practice so that the unmet needs of this vulnerable population can be addressed.

The first call center was introduced in 1988 as a uniquely pediatric innovation. This month’s article presents a brief history of call centers, discusses their advantages, and describes how they will improve patient care.

An integrated health home in North Texas aims to fill disparities in physical and mental health, educational attainment, and special healthcare needs for today’s children in foster care.

One physician says the time to protest MOC mandates is now.

A recent study found that the maternal use of antibiotics during pregnancy appears to increase the risk of otitis media and the placement of ventilation tubes in the offspring, particularly when administered later in the pregnancy.

For Contemporary Pediatrics, Dr Bobby Lazzara discusses a recent study published in the journal Pediatrics looked at the impact on health of being in the foster care system.

Burnout may seem like a problem seen only in physicians later in their careers, but a recent report shows that burnout can be just as likely in those just beginning their careers.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) have released updated pediatric immunization schedules for 2017.

More children are being brought to pediatricians for nonurgent care by adults who are not their legal guardians. What can a pediatrician do to reduce his or her risk of liability when treating children with "consent by proxy"?

Women in the third trimester of pregnancy who take supplements of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) reduce their children’s risk of persistent wheeze or asthma as well as of lower respiratory tract infections, a study in Denmark demonstrated.

In a study of almost 48,900 vaccinated individuals, investigators observed a temporal association between development of Bell’s palsy and administration of quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine (MCV4) that protects against serogroups A,C, Y, and W (MenACWY) when the vaccine was given at the same time as other vaccines.

Stepwise introduction of egg (starting with a low dose, which is then increased), along with aggressive treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD), is a safe and effective way to prevent hen’s egg allergy in high-risk infants, a study in Japan showed.