Case Studies

An 11-year-old boy with a history of asthma and allergic rhinitis presented to the emergency department with worsening fatigue, minimal responsivity to external stimuli, and diffuse muscle weakness for 2 months.

A 9-year-old boy was seen for follow-up of a neck mass noted several years earlier. He first presented with this finding at aged 3 years, when during an otherwise unremarkable examination, he became upset, and a protuberant swelling was noted in the anterior aspect of the right side of his neck. What's the diagnosis?

Take this Contemporary Pediatrics quiz, and see if you can correctly diagnose the patient in this case study. Submit your answer to see if you were correct.

An 11-year-old boy presented to the emergency department complaining of left testicular pain for 2 days, described as intermittent and stabbing, which ranged between 5 and 8 of 10 in intensity. Read the full case to see if you can correctly diagnose the patient.

A 4-day-old boy with a midline neck lesion was born at term by normal vaginal delivery. After birth, the midline lesion had the configuration of a linear cleft with a cephalocaudal orientation, extending from the level below the hyoid bone to the suprasternal notch, with a length of 2.5 cm and a width of 0.5 cm. What's the diagnosis?

A healthy 13-year-old girl presented with a 1-month history of an asymptomatic, well-demarcated rash on her back and upper chest. The eruption consisted of discrete, dark brown papules that coalesced into large, flat-topped plaques with mild superficial scale and accentuation of skin markings. What's the diagnosis?

A 22-month-old female patient with sickle cell disease on folic acid and penicillin prophylaxis with a 3-day history of nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, fever and decreased oral intake presents to the emergency department (ED) for acute facial swelling noted when she woke up from a nap. What's the diagnosis?

You are called to the hospital nursery to evaluate a healthy full-term newborn boy who developed painful flaccid blisters and erosions on the tops of his feet and ankles shortly after birth. His mother had a history of similar recurrent skin lesions that healed with scarring. She also had oral and gastrointestinal tract involvement. What's the diagnosis?

A 5-week-old female infant born at 38 weeks presents to her pediatrician with abnormal eye movements. What’s the diagnosis?

A 19-year-old male presents to the ED with headache and fever of 4 days’ duration. Six days earlier, his left palm had been punctured by a rusty nail. What's the diagnosis?

As more and more states legalize recreational marijuana, caregivers need to be vigilant about keeping products out of reach of children.

A 16-year-old boy with developmental delay and intellectual disability developed dramatic chronic wrinkling of his scalp over a year ago. The lesions were persistent but not symptomatic. What's the diagnosis?

A healthy 17-year-old girl with inflammatory acne had failed to respond to topical tretinoin, benzoyl peroxide, and oral minocycline. What's the diagnosis?

Alex, an 18-year-old male, presented to the emergency department with a 4-day history of paranoia, agitation, and disorganized behavior. He had no psychiatric history or prior mental health contact and no known medical conditions.

You are asked to evaluate an African American boy aged 4 years with a birthmark on his back and right arm. He is healthy with normal growth and development. What's the diagnosis?

You are asked to evaluate a healthy 1.5-day-old girl who has a congenital red patch with coarse telangiectasias and a surrounding ring of pallor on the right shoulder. What's your diagnosis?

A study featured at CHEST 2022 investigated INCS in children with OSAS to determine if the therapy improved their symptoms, polysomnography findings, behavior, and quality of life.

This case study analyzes variants of majocchi granuloma and potential treatment.

A 29-year-old White woman presented to the labor and delivery unit due to preterm premature rupture of membranes and delivered twins. The twins were transferred to the neonatal intensive care unit following delivery.

A 9-year-old boy with no significant medical history presented to the emergency department with 2 days of painless blurry vision. What's the diagnosis?

A healthy 14-year old boy was evaluated for an intensely pruritic shin rash that developed 2 weeks prior and had been treated with oral antibiotics for 10 days.

A retrospective study found that postmenarchal women with a renal anomaly were also at risk of having a Müllerian anomaly.

A 5-year-old nonverbal boy with autism spectrum disorder and global developmental delay presented to the emergency department with bilateral lower-extremity bruising and progressive difficulty ambulating. What's the diagnosis?

An 18-day-old girl whose right cheek had become increasingly red and warm over 24 hours was directly admitted to an inpatient unit. She had firmness and pain to the affected area, fussiness, increased sleeping, and poor feeding, preferring the bottle to breastfeeding. What's the diagnosis?

A 26-month-old boy presents for mild altered mental status and balance issues following a fall the day before. There was no loss of consciousness or vomiting but he subsequently complained of left-sided head pain. What's the diagnosis?

A healthy 4-year-old boy presents with painful deep-seated bumps on the front of his right leg. He also complains of a sore throat for the last 4 days. What's the diagnosis?

A 5-month-old girl with a large scalp infantile hemangioma (IH), present since 6 weeks of age, is evaluated in the emergency department for lethargy and pallor.

A healthy 14-year-old boy presented at our dermatology practice with acute onset of an intensely itchy rash that first appeared 2 months prior.