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In utero exposure to piperonyl butoxide, an additive in pyrethroid insecticides, appears to be negatively associated with neurodevelopment in children who are 3 years old.

Users of cannabis and other psychoactive substances have an earlier onset of psychotic illness compared to nonusers, according to a meta-analysis of 83 studies published online in the Archives of General Psychiatry.

A 10-year-old boy injured his left elbow during football practice. He subsequently had pain with normal range of motion of the elbow.

Preschool-aged children should receive a vision screening to detect amblyopia or its risk factors at least once between the ages of 3 and 5 years, according to a revised grade B recommendation from the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) published in the February issue of Pediatrics.

Almost one-third of children from low-income communities who were referred to a specialist failed to complete the referral.

Poor self-control in childhood predicts health problems, criminal behavior, and financial difficulties later in life, according to a longitudinal study.

The childhood and adolescent immunization schedules for 2011 have been approved by the American Academy of Pediatrics, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (Centers for Disease Control), and the American Academy of Family Physicians.

I saw a 12-year-old African American US girl as a new patient and checked her vitamin D level, as we usually do on our panels these days. The level was 8.8 ng/mL, with a "normal" reported as over 32 ng/mL. What are current recommendations for vitamin D replacement in children-let alone dark-skinned children?

Bronchioloitis : Focus on hypertonic saline Fighting childhood obesity : Resources for the community pediatrician Dermcase : Annoying, warty plaque in preteen Puzzler : Unusual cause of chronic abdominal pain Updates : The Surgeon General on breastfeeding, Tdap vaccine, Sugar and cardiovascular risk

There are now 5 states that at least offer newborn screening for severe combined immunodeficiency.

A single dose of tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis vaccine is recommended by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices for all persons 11 to 18 years old to boost immunity to pertussis.

A vapor rub combination of camphor, menthol, and eucalyptus oils provides more relief of nighttime cough, congestion, and sleeping difficulties associated with an upper respiratory tract infection than petrolatum treatment or no treatment.

Investigators examined the safety and adverse event profile of VX-770, an investigational agent that improves the function of mutant cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator protein.

A large study from Italy showed that Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, a probioticbacterium, was effective for reducing the frequency and severity of pain in children with irritable bowel syndrome.

Daily consumption of calorie-loaded soft drinks and snack foods that contain high fructose corn syrup or refined beet or cane sugar now account for one-fifth of adolescents' daily sources of energy, putting this age group at increased risk for cardiovascular disease as adults, according to a new study.

An 11-year-old has had a warty plaque on her neck since birth.

An 11-year-old girl has had a long history of chronic abdominal pain without radiation to her back, flanks, or groin that lasts 2 to 3 days at least twice a month.

Childhood obesity has escalated into one of the most - if not the most - significant public health concerns of the 21st Century.

The Surgeon General has issued a report outlining steps that should be taken to remove some of the obstacles to breastfeeding in the United States.

Bronchiolitis is arguably the most common significant medical illness of childhood.

Most parents will go to great lengths, and spare no expense, to help their children get ahead.

In most cases, identification of the pathogen that causes a clinical syndrome brings greater understanding of both the microbe and the spectrum of disease that results from human infection.